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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[On Qualitative Differences between Types of Language Acquisition / Jürgen Meisel]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[On Qualitative Differences between Types of Language Acquisition / Jürgen Meisel, in colloque "Bilingualism vs. monolingualism: a new perspective on limitations to L2 acquisition" organisé par le laboratoire Octogone-Lordat (Université Toulouse 2) sous la responsabilité de Barbara Köpke (UT2J), Holger Hopp 
(Technische Universität Braunschweig), Tanja Kupisch (Universität 
Konstanz), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 19-20 juin 2017.
The thematic focus of this workshop lies in the question
whether there exist qualitative differences between L2 and L1 acquisition. This
has been a core issue in acquisition studies ever since L2 researchers turned
their attention to mental activities of learners, 50 years ago. The
epistemological rationale motivating this research agenda is the expectation of
gaining insights into the nature of the human language faculty. Comparisons of
acquisition types, e.g. monolingual (L1) and bilingual (2L1) first and child
(cL2) and adult (L2) second language acquisition, can reveal parallels and
differences in their speech that should enable us to identify factors causing
such differences to appear. In other words, we might discover the possibilities
and limits of the language making capacity. 
However, few of the insights achieved by past research on
simultaneous and successive bilingualism are commonly valued as such, although
the claim that acquisition types differ in numerous ways is not contested. Yet
the consensus ends here. What counts as ‘qualitative’ difference is a
controversial issue, not to mention the problem of determining causal factors.
I therefore propose to state explicitly the criteria defining qualitative
differences and discuss them in some detail, for in distinguishing acquisition
types we can only refer to these.  
It would be naïve and probably not even desirable to aim at
a broad consensus on all issues involved. But if we succeed in identifying
empirical findings that do constitute differences distinguishing acquisition
types, a more solidly fact-based discussion will be feasible. As a first step,
I argue that not every example of variable use qualifies as a criterion to
distinguish acquisition types; past research has not duly considered
variability of use within and across individuals and learner types, including
L1. Secondly, I emphasize an apparently self-evident point that tends to be
overlooked: quantitative differences are not qualitative ones. Thirdly, it must
be stated explicitly whether observed differences reflect different kinds of
linguistic knowledge, acquisition principles, or processing mechanisms.
Fourthly, contrasting ‘languages’ as a whole does not yield useful results; we
need to know whether attested differences emerge in the lexicon or in the
various components of grammar. Finally, I examine what the identified qualitative
differences reveal about the relevance of possible causal factors.]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[apprentissage des langues]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[bilinguisme]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[langue maternelle et langue seconde (enseignement des langues)]]></string></keyword>
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NOTE:Jürgen M. Meisel is a Professor of French, Portuguese and Spanish at the University of Hamburg (Germany) and at Universität Calgary, Dept. of Linguistics, Languages and Cultures (Canada). &gt; Voir sa page personnelle (Univ. Calgary). 
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