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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Language Processing in Bilinguals: Distinguishing Early Sequential from Simultaneous / Laura Sabourin, Santa Vinerte]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[Language Processing in Bilinguals: Distinguishing Early Sequential from Simultaneous / Laura Sabourin, Santa Vinerte, in colloque "Bilingualism vs. monolingualism: a new perspective on limitations to L2 acquisition" organisé par l?e laboratoire Octogone-Lordat (Université Toulouse 2) sous la responsabilité de Barbara Köpke (UT2J), Holger Hopp 
(Technische Universität Braunschweig), Tanja Kupisch (Universität 
Konstanz), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 19-20 juin 2017.
Many studies group simultaneous and early sequential
bilinguals together, but recent evidence suggests that these two groups perform
differently on varied processing tasks. Consequently, the goal of the current
research is to examine linguistic processing of early bilinguals and how this
relates to the bilingual advantage hypothesis, by investigating the neural
signatures involved in lexical level processing and cognitive control. We will
consolidate the results of three studies, which each compare behavioural
evidence from early sequential L1 English/L2 French bilinguals (AoA between age
3 and 7), and simultaneous bilinguals. To further examine lexical processing,
we have also collected event-related brain potential (ERP) data from a subset
of the participants Each study employed a different task: a Stroop task to
measure cognitive control, a masked priming task to examine bilingual lexical
organization and a cross-modal lexical decision task to test homonym
processing. 
Behavioural data from the Stroop task shows no
differences between simultaneous and early bilinguals in a monolingual
presentation. However, when participants are faced with a bilingual
presentation, differences in facilitation and inhibition patterns emerge. While
early sequential bilinguals show facilitation in the L1 and interference in the
L2, simultaneous bilinguals show interference in their dominant language. To
further investigate this, we are collecting ERP data to examine the time-course
and neural components during on-line processing. 
Simultaneous and early bilinguals do not show
similar cognitive control abilities, yet exhibit similar lexical organization
patterns (suggesting an integrated bilingual lexicon) in the masked priming
task. However, given the results from another study whereby late bilinguals
with a naturalistic Manner of Acquisition (MoA) also show evidence of
integrated lexicons, this suggests that AoA is not the only determining factor.
Interestingly, simultaneous bilinguals have the most naturalistic MoA, while
any sequential bilinguals, including early ones, have less naturalistic MoA
which may explain the differences. 
In a cross-modal lexical decision task investigating
syntactic priming and frequency effects in the L1, simultaneous bilinguals
showed faster RTs overall, with longer latencies and more widespread
distribution for N400-like effects for high-frequency words, suggesting a
sensitivity to both priming and frequency. In contrast, the early bilinguals
showed slower RTs overall and earlier N400-like effects suggesting a greater
effect of priming with no effect of frequency. These results suggest that due
to acquiring the L2 after the initial stages of L1 development that there are
neural differences between simultaneous and early bilinguals. 
Given these findings, it is clear that
differences exist even among early bilinguals, suggesting that, compared to
bilinguals who acquire 2L1s simultaneously, early sequential bilinguals process
their L1 differently due to having acquired an L2 while the L1 was still being
acquired and developed. The current research d?emonstrates this through a series
of tasks using both behavioural and neurophysiological measures.]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[bilinguisme]]></string></keyword>
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NOTE:Laura Sabourin est Assistant Professor in Department of Linguistics and Director, Brain and Language Laboratory at University of Ottawa(Canada). &gt; Voir sa page personnelle (Univ. Ottawa). 
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NOTE:Santa Vinerte est doctorante en Linguistique à l'Université d'Ottawa (Canada). 
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