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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[[COLLOQUE] GENTREE Final Conference 27-31 January 2020 séance 26]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[GENTREE Final Conference :
Ian MACLACHLAN - University of British Columbia Vancouver · Canada
 
GENTREE Final Conference 'Genetics to the rescue - managing forests sustainably in a changing environment'
27-31 January 2020, Avignon, France
http://www.gentree-h2020.eu/
Ian MACLACHLAN - University of British Columbia Vancouver · Canada :
Selective breeding produces multi-locus responses in adaptive genomic
variation of lodgepole pine
 
Climatic adaptation of temperate and boreal trees involves trade-offs
between growth, phenology and tolerance to cold. 
Negative trade-offs
among these traits have evolved in natural populations and can be
exacerbated by selective breeding programs.
Understanding the genomic
basis of climatically adaptive traits and their trade-offs may allow
efficient and precise adaptive genetic management strategies in
response to shifting climates, and provide insights into the genomic
architecture of adaptive traits. 
Our study combined seedling
phenotypes (n = 2176) for height growth, phenology and cold injury
traits, genotype data for 18,600 SNPs from previous exome captures,
and climatic data for 20 selectively bred and 105 wild-stand
lodgepole pine seedlots sampled from across Alberta and British
Columbia, Canada. 
GWAS was used to identify phenotype-associated SNPs
of interest. We then quantified multi-locus effects of selective
breeding at individual seedling and population levels by studying
frequency changes in alleles associated with the greater trait value
for each phenotype-associated SNP, which we termed ‘positive effect
alleles’ (PEAs).
There was substantial overlap among all traits in
SNPs that had the strongest phenotypic associations, suggesting
widespread pleiotropy is important to climatically adaptive
trade-offs among traits despite their strongly contrasting genomic
architectures. 
Selective breeding for increased height growth caused
systematic PEA frequency increases within seedlings for SNPs
associated with height, phenology and cold injury. 
Genomic responses
to selective breeding varied substantially among regions of our
sampled range and appear linked to differences in genomic
architectures among traits. 
Modest amounts of multi-locus variation
in breeding zone PEA frequencies was associated with strong
phenotypic differences and climatic gradients for both natural and
selectively bred seedlings, reinforcing the need for assisted gene
flow to mitigate climatic maladaptation. 
Selectively bred seedlings
had stronger phenotype-genotype relationships than natural seedlings
among breeding zones for three of four traits, and for all the
climate-genotype relationships, even though these differences were
not statistically significant. 
Relationships among genotypes,
phenotypes and climate were maintained or strengthened among the
selective breeding programs we sampled, suggesting that among
breeding zones the same assisted gene flow prescriptions are valid
for both natural and selectively bred seedlings.
Even so, the
potential for trade-offs among traits due to substantial antagonistic
pleiotropy was evident and should be carefully monitored as a
potential source of climatic maladaptation in selectively bred
seedlings. 
Our use of PEA frequencies demonstrated a simple,
sensitive and effective method of summarizing genomic data for
polygenic traits and detecting the effects of selective breeding on
climatically adaptive genotypes that are relevant to breeding
strategies and assisted gene flow policies.
 ]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[climate change]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[avignon 2020]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[inrae]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[europe]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[grant agreement No 676876]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[forest genetic resources]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[FGR]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[tree species]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[GenTree]]></string></keyword>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[GENTREE Scientific Conference - Genetics to the rescue : managing forests sustainably in a changing world]]></string>
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nature - Botanique
Arbres, Arbustes, Plantes grimpantes]]></string>
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